0. Gaius Julius Caesar (Julius Caesar) 59 - 44 BC - born in Rome July 13, 100 BC he was a politician and general and formed the first Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus - campaigned against Britain during the Gallic wars in 54 - 53 BC - when he returned to Rome in 50 BC he was put on trial by the Senate, which was led by Pompey, demonstrating a certain balance of power that existed at that time - Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC, went to Egypt and formed an alliance with Cleopatra - the Senate was not happy with the shift in power to one person and on March 15, 44 BC he was assassinated. This led to a 13 years of civil strife.
0. Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) 44 - 30 BC - born a Roman citizen (possibly in Greece during a seige of Athens) on Jan 14, 83 BC - he was a friend and 2nd cousin of Julius Caesar - proved himself to be a capable military leader during the Gallic wars - he joined Caesar when he crossed the Rubicon in 50 BC to contest the Senate - became Caesar's right hand man - fled Rome after Caesar's assassination, but soon returned when it was apparant he was not targeted - formed the second Triumvirate with from 43 - 33 BC with Augustus Caesar and Lepidus - also formed an alliance with Cleopatra of Egypt - Octavian, assisted by his loyal general Marcus Agrippa, defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra, who subsequently committed suicide in Egypt on Aug 1, 30 BC. Note: The Roman Pantheon was built by Hadrian to Agrippa's design. The Pantheon is inscribed with Agrippa's name.
1. Caesar Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) 44 BC - 14 AD was born in Rome on Sept 23, 63 BC, and officially became the first emperor of the Roman Empire - Lepidus having lost power, and Anthony being defeated, Octavian was the most powerful in Rome - On Jan 16, 27 BC he officially restored the rule of Rome to the Senate and the people - he was rewarded with the name Augustus and emperorship, thus officially establishing a Principate - he died on Aug 19, 14 AD.
2. Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero) 14 - 37 AD was born in Rome on Nov 16, 42 BC and became step son to Augustus when his mother married him in 39 BC - he was emperor during the time that Jesus of Nazareth preached and was executed. He died in Misenum (on the Gulf of Naples near Herculaneum and Pompeii from which Pliny the Elder observed the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius on Aug 24, 79 AD) on March 16, 37 AD.
3. Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus) 37 - 41 AD was born in Antium (Anzio) about 57 km south of Rome on Aug 30, 12 AD - has a reputation of being cruel and killing on a whim - accused of insanity - he was assassinated on Jan 24, 41 AD.
4. Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Drusus) 41 - 54 AD was born in Lugdunum, Gaul (Lyon, France) on Aug 1, 10 BC - he was the uncle of Caligula and succeeded his nephew - during his reign Britain was conquered - he died apparantly by poisoning on Oct 13, 54 AD.
5. Nero (Nero Claudius Caeser Augustus Germanicus) 54 - 68 AD was born in Antium (same as his maternal uncle, Caligula) on Dec 15, 37 AD - he was the fifth and last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty at the age of 16, largely influenced by his mother Agrippina (whom he arranged to be murdered in 59 AD - in 60 AD Britain revolted and there was a great fire in Rome in 64 AD - there was also a Jewish revolt in Judea in 66 AD, which was finally put down in 70 AD with the destruction of the second temple in Jerusalem - after being declared as a public enemy by the senate, he escaped to a villa outside Rome where he finally committed suicide on Jun 9, 68 AD.
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